They are called “system on a chip” for a reason – mobile phones don't have discrete components but CPU, GPU, ISP, etc. are all packed into one. There's not much choice, if you want to go from an AT tower PC to a pocketable super gadget.
Sometimes you can have your cake and eat it too. The big.LITTLE type processors give you the performance of big cores and the power efficiency of small ones. Basically all mobile chipsets use this multi-tiered setup (usually two clusters, but sometimes more).
Specialized processors have done some great things – Google’s Visual Core in the Pixel 2 sped up its high-quality HDR+ processing. Even without it, Google’s algorithms can work their magic on the Qualcomm Spectra ISP.
Recently “NPU” and other AI-related accelerators have come into vogue. They greatly accelerate voice and image recognition all the while using less energy. Then there are other components to support things like 3D face scanning or iris recognition.
It’s a deep rabbit hole this, but here are some additional specs we look at when a new SoC is announced. UFS is needed for fast storage. Video encode/decode determines what the camera and video player can do. Battery charging is usually closely tied to the SoC as well.
Imagine for a moment that we can pick and choose what goes into the next Snapdragon, Kirin, Exynos or other. What will you include and what will you leave behind?
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What goes into the best SoC ever?